Time in which 50% of a radioactive substance through biological (physiological) processes and decay is removed.
The effective radioactive half-life is shorter or equal than the physical or the biological radioactive half-life alone.

Effective Radioactive Half-Life (t_eff) =
(Biological Radioactive Half-Life x Physical Radioactive Half-Life) /
(Biological Radioactive Half-Life + Physical Radioactive Half-Life)

See also Half-Life, Biological Half-Life, Physical Radioactive Half-Life.

(E) The electric field strength is used to represent the forces between electric charges. Electric field strength is defined as the force per unit charge on an infinitesimally small charge at any given point in space. The unit of electric field strength is volt per meter (V/m).

(D) The electric flux density is a vector equal to the product of the electric field strength and the permittivity. The unit is coulomb per square meter (C/m²). The total electric flux passing through a closed surface is equal to the total charge enclosed by the surface.

(P) The electric polarization refers to the separation of charges in a material to form electric dipoles, or the alignment of existing electric dipoles in matter when an electric field is applied. The unit of electric polarization is dipole moment per cubic meter or coulomb per square meter(C/m²).

(ECG) An electrocardiogram is a test that records a graph of electrical activity in the heart over time. An electrocardiogram is used in the diagnostic of heart abnormalities, abnormal cardiac rhythms (arrhythmias or dysrhythmias) and heart muscle damage.