Hypaque Meglumine is an ionic contrast agent. Hypaque Meglumine 60 percent (w/v) is an aqueous solution containing 60 g of the meglumine salt of diatrizoic acid per 100 mL of solution.
The degree of contrast enhancement at computed tomography is directly related to the amount of iodine administered. In adults the amount of iodine usually required for contrast enhancement ranges from 28 to 42 g.
Hypaque Meglumine is also available in concentrations of 18% and 30%.

The first-generation contrast agents were all ionic monomers, consisting of a tri-iodinated benzene ring with 2 organic side chains and a carboxyl group. Diatrizoate or iothalamate are common iodinated anions, conjugated with a cation, sodium or meglumine. The ionization at the carboxyl-cation bond makes the agent water soluble.
Ionic monomers have the highest osmolality (high-osmolar contrast media (HOCM) possess an osmolality seven to eight times higher than plasma) of the different groups of contrast agents (CM ratio=1.5) and the lowest viscosity. The osmolality in solutions of ionic monomers ranges from 600 to 2100 mOsm/kg (human plasma = 290 mOsm/kg). These high osmolality is related to some of the adverse reactions. HOCM's have been widely replaced by newer contrast agents with improved tolerability and safety profiles.
Examples of HOCM's are Renografin®-60, Hypaque 76, Hypaque Meglumine, Hypaque Sodium and Conray®.

See also Ionic Contrast Agents.

Radiation can ionize matter caused by the high energy which displaces electrons during interactions with atoms. In the electromagnetic spectrum higher frequency ultraviolet radiation begins to have enough energy to ionize matter.
Examples of ionizing radiation include alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, x-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions by direct or secondary processes in passage through tissues.
Damage of living tissue results from the transfer of energy to atoms and molecules in the cellular structure. Ionized cells have to repair themselves to remain alive. Generally, healthy cells have a higher capability to repair themselves than cancer cells.

Biological effects of ionizing radiation exposure:
Ionizing radiation are used in a wide range of facilities, including health care, research institutions, nuclear reactors and their support facilities, and other manufacturing settings. These radiation sources can pose a serious hazard to affected people and environment if not properly controlled.

See also Radiation Safety, Controlled Area, Radiotoxicity and As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

Isovue® is a nonionic contrast agent with a wide range of iodine concentrations.
Isovue-370 with its highest concentration of contrast approved for CT is an excellent agent to match the speed and power of multi-detector row CT (MDCT). Prefilled syringes provide easy and efficient contrast media handling. Isovue-M® is indicated for CT myelography.

See also Contrast Media Injector, Single-Head CT Power Injector, Multi-Head Contrast Media Injector, Syringeless CT Power Injector.

The latitude is the range between the minimum and maximum x-ray exposure to an image receptor that yields a diagnostic image of structures.