(IVP) An intravenous pyelogram is a radiographic study of the kidney, ureters, and bladder. After the injection or infusion of iodinated contrast materials into the vein, the contrast medium is excreted by the kidneys. Due to the higher density of the dye, contrast filled areas appear white on x-ray images.
IVPs are used to detect tumors, abnormalities, kidney stones, or any obstructions, and to assess renal blood flow. A pyelogram may also be performed with contrast media injection directly through a ureteral or nephrostomy catheter or percutaneously.

See also X-Ray Projection Imaging, Abdomen CT and Urologic Ultrasound.

Scintigraphic imaging of the lungs is a sensitive diagnostic imaging tool to detect certain kinds of pulmonary abnormalities in correlation with clinical data and chest radiographs. Pulmonary scintigraphy is particularly useful in diagnosing medical conditions such as pulmonary embolism, bronchial carcinoma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Lung scintigraphy can be performed with radioaerosols, gaseous radiopharmaceuticals and technetium-99m-labeled perfusion agents that are localized by temporary capillary blockade.

Different types of lung scintigraphy include:
The choice of the radioactive tracer varies and depends on the pulmonary function to be imaged. The radioactive tracer distribution within the lungs can be displayed on a computer screen via a gamma camera, a scanner or some other similarly suitable detector that records the radioactive disintegrations emitted by the patient. The images obtained present chromatic variations proportional to the regional radioactivity.

MD-Gastroview® (solution of 660 mg diatrizoate meglumine and 100 mg diatrizoate sodium Solution) is an iodinated oral contrast agent with lemon-vanilla-flavor. MD-Gastroview® is water-soluble and suitable for oral or rectal administration.
MD-Gastroview® is indicated for radiographic and CT examination of the esophagus, stomach, proximal small intestine and colon, when a barium sulfate suspension is not feasible or contraindicated.
A usual adult dose for abdominal CT is 240 mL of a solution prepared by diluting 25 mL (9.17 g iodine) to one liter with tap water. Less dilute solutions [up to 77 mL (28.26 g iodine) diluted to one liter with tap water] may be used when indicated. The dose is administered orally about 15 to 30 minutes prior to imaging in order to permit the contrast medium to reach the pelvic loops.

Usually, magnification is the enlargement of an area by interpolation after the reconstruction of an image. Magnification does not provide more information, but allows a better view of certain object details. A zoom reconstruction is based on the raw data of the scan. Magnification software enlarges an image by mapping one pixel onto an n x n array of screen pixels (pixel stretching).
Other types of magnification include electron-optical, geometric, the product of geometric and the electron-optical magnification and enlargement by imaging procedures.
Electron-optical magnification is the ratio of the dimension of the detector input image and the size of the image on the screen. This ratio is determined by all electronic and optical imaging processes of the image chain, provided that one camera pixel is mapped onto accurately one monitor pixel.
Geometric magnification occurs in x-ray images when the focal spot is theoretically assumed to be a point and not an area. For nanofocus and microfocus radiographic systems, the focus-to-detector (film) distance and the focus-to-object (film) distance defines the geometric magnification.
The total magnification is the product of the electron-optical and geometric magnification. Possible magnifications are up to a factor of 26,000.
Magnification procedures in medical imaging are usually produced by extended distance between the subject and the image receptor.

(mA): 10^-3 ampere. In radiography, the current flow from the cathode to the anode in the x-ray tube is measured in milliampere. This current regulates the radiation intensity emitted by the x-ray tube.

See X-Ray Tube.