The clearance is the elimination of substances like drugs, chemicals and secondary products from the body. Although clearance may also involve other organs than the kidney, it is almost synonymous with renal clearance or renal plasma clearance. Each material has a specific organ clearance that depends on its filtration characteristics.

A colonoscopy is an examination of the colon. To visualize the inner surface of the bowel, a lighted, flexible tubular instrument is inserted through the rectum. A conventional colonoscopy may take up to 2 hours counting recovery time from an often necessary sedation.
A virtual colonoscopy offers this sight into the body without this discomfort.

See Virtual Colonoscopy.

(CDE) The committed dose equivalent is the organ or tissue dose that will be received from the intake of radioactive material during the next 50 years.

The Compton effect describes the interaction of x-ray photons with electrons, in Compton's experiment in 1922/23 the electrons of graphite atoms. The x-ray photons scatter (Compton scattering) off the electrons in different directions. The remaining energy (lower frequency) of the scattered x-ray photons depends on the scattering angle. From an energy based point of view, these 'new or old' photons are a part of the original energy, represented by the incident x-ray photon before the interaction. The photons loss of energy (reduced frequency) is gained by an electron. Depending on this energy the electron could leave the atom. Depending on the remaining energy of the photon the interaction can repeat with a more to more decreasing energy level in the form of further Compton Scattering or by photo-electric absorption. Usually the Compton effect involves atom-bound electrons.
The Compton effect is responsible for most scattering effects in radiography.

Through the Compton effect from the atom ejected electron.

See Compton Effect.