A mammogram is a low dose x-ray of the breast used to detect and diagnose breast disease, or to provide a baseline reference for later comparison. Multiple images are obtained by different positioning of the breast. The breast compression during mammography is an essential component to produce an optimal diagnostic mammogram. Film mammography units use film to both capture and display the image; digital mammography units use electronic equipment.
A spot compression reduces the thickness of the area of interest and improves contrast and separation of breast tissues.

The mediolateral view is one of the common routine views for mammography in addition to the craniocaudal view. The image receptor of the mammography system is placed lateral to the breast, and the horizontal x-ray beam is directed from medial to lateral through the breast.

Cancer is a general term related to the abnormal (malignant) growth of cells (tumor) which tend to proliferate uncontrolled and destroy healthy tissues. If not controlled by effective treatment, cancer can spread out into other regions of the body (metastasize).
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): A form of breast carcinoma in situ confined to the breast ducts. DCIS (also called noninvasive breast cancer or intraductal breast carcinoma) is often associated with microcalcification on mammography.

A cassette is a thin, low x-ray absorption plastic case, for holding the x-ray film. Inside the cassette are intensifying screens for the conversion of x-rays to visible light photons. The intensifying screens are mounted in close contact with the film. Mammography cassettes are equipped with single screens.

The craniocaudal view is routinely used for mammography. The vertical x-ray beam is directed from cranial to caudal through the breast.