Hypaque Sodium is a high-osmolar, water-soluble contrast agent. In pure form, it contains 59.87 percent organically bound iodine.
The dosage of contrast media is depended on the type of radiological procedure and should be tailored individually according to age, body size, and indication for examination.

Patents can unintended respond with an idiosyncratic reaction to the application of contrast media. Idiosyncratic reactions to contrast agents start usually within 20 minutes after injection and occur more frequently in patients 20 to 40 years old.
Idiosyncratic reactions may or may not be dependent on the amount of dose injected, the speed of injection, the mode of injection and the radiographic procedure.


See also Adverse Reaction and Anaphylactoid Reaction.

MD-Gastroview® (solution of 660 mg diatrizoate meglumine and 100 mg diatrizoate sodium Solution) is an iodinated oral contrast agent with lemon-vanilla-flavor. MD-Gastroview® is water-soluble and suitable for oral or rectal administration.
MD-Gastroview® is indicated for radiographic and CT examination of the esophagus, stomach, proximal small intestine and colon, when a barium sulfate suspension is not feasible or contraindicated.
A usual adult dose for abdominal CT is 240 mL of a solution prepared by diluting 25 mL (9.17 g iodine) to one liter with tap water. Less dilute solutions [up to 77 mL (28.26 g iodine) diluted to one liter with tap water] may be used when indicated. The dose is administered orally about 15 to 30 minutes prior to imaging in order to permit the contrast medium to reach the pelvic loops.

A myelography is a radiographic imaging procedure to visualize the spinal canal, the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), intervertebral disks and nerve roots. A special contrast agent (dye) is injected through a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal. A myelogram provides a very detailed picture of the spinal cord and spinal column. A fluoroscopy displays the bones and the fluid-filled space of the spine also in motion. An additional computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scan helps to differentiate the spinal conditions better. The indications include disc herniation, spinal stenosis, tumor, and vertebral fracture.

See also Myeloscintigraphy, Fluoroscopic System, Hounsfield Unit, Bone Densitometry, Nonionic Contrast Agents.

Nonionic monomers are used as x-ray contrast agents. To create a nonionic monomer, the tri-iodinated benzene ring is made water soluble by the addition of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups to organic side chains (CM ratio=3). Nonionic monomers have an intermediate osmolarity, intermediate viscosity and elevated hydrophilicity with three atoms of iodine per molecule. Lacking a carboxyl group, nonionic monomers do not ionize in solution. A nonionic monomer is potentially less chemotoxic than an ionic monomer.
Common nonionic monomers are iohexol (Omnipaque), iopamidol (Isovue®), ioversol (Optiray®), and iopromide (Ultravist®). Nonionic monomers are contrast agents with a wide range of indications due to their nonionic nature and lower osmolalities.